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13. February 2025
The year 1923 marked a decisive moment in the history of broadcasting: With the GECoPHONE No. 1, one of the first commercially available crystal detector radios was brought to market.
The 1920s were marked by technological advancements, particularly in the field of wireless communication. Until then, receiving radio signals was a complicated matter, often requiring expertise and expensive equipment. The British General Electric Company Ltd. (GEC) recognized the growing need for an affordable and user-friendly receiver – and introduced the GECoPHONE No. 1 as a solution to the market.
This radio was specifically designed to make the newly introduced broadcasting accessible to households. Despite its relatively simple construction, it was a feat of engineering. The device came in a high-quality mahogany case and had a hinged cover under which the controls were located.
The heart of the GECoPHONE No. 1 was the Cat’s Whisker detector – an early form of semiconductor technology used for signal detection. The name comes from a fine metal wire gently placed on a galena crystal. By making minimal movements, the user could find the optimal contact point where the radio received signals. This method is one of the earliest forms of diode technology, which later became widespread in electronics.
Unlike later tube radios, this device did not require an external power source. The reception of radio waves was solely through the antenna, eliminating the need for batteries or power supplies. Playback was through high-impedance headphones, as speakers were not yet common at the time.
Operation was relatively simple: A variometer tuning method allowed for tuning different frequencies. A rotary mechanism was used to change the inductance to receive stations. For medium and long wave reception, external loading coils could be connected to achieve greater range.
The GECoPHONE No. 1 played a significant role in the spread of radio in Great Britain. While broadcasting was initially a luxury for a few technology enthusiasts, this affordable device helped bring news, music, and entertainment into more and more households.
Another historical feature of the radio was the BBC test mark, which every officially approved device had to bear. This regulation was introduced to ensure that only licensed receivers were used for British broadcasting. However, this system was replaced by a general broadcasting license in 1924, allowing for further expansion of the radio landscape.
Almost 100 years after its introduction, the GECoPHONE No. 1 has taken a special place in the world of vintage technology and collectibles. Due to its historical significance and unique design, it is now a sought-after exhibit in museums and private collections.
Many of the existing examples are in surprisingly good condition, as the mahogany case was durable and well-crafted. The delicate technology of the Cat’s Whisker detector is a fascinating example for many technology enthusiasts of how the history of electronics began.
The GECoPHONE No. 1 is more than just an old radio – it is a symbol of the beginning of modern broadcasting and one of the first bridges between technological innovation and everyday use. Those interested in historical technology will find in this device an impressive example of the early days of wireless communication.
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